Aims: Congenital tracheal stenosis due to complete tracheal rings is a rare anomaly that is usually diagnosed in childhood. We present a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with chronic breathlessness and reduced exercise tolerance, who was diagnosed with complete tracheal rings on bronchoscopy. A review of the literature was performed to identify further cases. Methodology: A literature search of Pubmed, MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify cases of complete tracheal rings diagnosed in adulthood. Demographic data, presentation, comorbid cardiorespiratory conditions and investigations were collated. Results: Six cases were identified in the literature. The mean age at presentation was 47.7 years (range 22 years-75 years). Five of six cases (83.3%) were identified in females, with one (16.7%) in a male. Cases were diagnosed following difficult intubation. Three of six cases (50%) had a preceding presumed diagnosis of asthma. All were diagnosed formally on bronchoscopy and five cases had CT chest in addition (one of which demonstrated a pulmonary artery sling in association with the tracheal ring). Conclusion: Complete tracheal rings is a rare cause of tracheal stenosis and usually reported in children presenting with respiratory distress early in life. Diagnosis in adulthood is very rare. In addition to the case reported, only 6 adult cases have been identified in the literature. CT is an appropriate initial investigation but confirmation with bronchoscopy is required. Otolaryngologists should be cognisant that balloon dilatation of complete tracheal rings misdiagnosed as soft tissue stenosis may induce rupture of the tracheal rings. While rare, complete tracheal rings causing tracheal stenosis is an important consideration for the work up of chronic dyspnoea by otolaryngologists.