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Institution: Te Whatu Ora Waikato - Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand
Aims : Facial and neck burns were associated with higher incidence of inhalation injury, posing a significant risk of airway oedema, necessitating endotracheal intubation. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of facial and neck burns on all acute burn referrals to Waikato Hospital Plastics Surgery Department in the year 2024.
Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of all burn patients referred to Waikato Hospital over a 12 month period, between 1st January 2024 and 31st December 2024. The following data were collected from the patients’ medical records: age, sex, % TBSA, mechanism, burn depth, patients’ comorbidities, length of stay, presence of face and neck burns, presence of inhalation injury. We also compared the clinical outcomes between patients with and without facial and neck burns and to identify whether it serves as a risk factor.
Results: Our study included 593 patients, of 486 (81.9%) whom did not have face and neck burns while 107 (18.04%) presented with face and neck burns. 97 face and neck burn cases (90.65%) were referred to plastics within 24hours of time of accident. 47 patients (43.9%) required hospital admission and 6 patients (12%) referred to ENT for airway assessment. The mean age for patients admitted to hospital was 27.29 years (range: 0-94 years), with age being lower in patients with face and neck burns in comparison to patients without face and neck burns. Most facial burns were superficial to mid dermal. According to the mechanism of injury, the majority were flash flame burns (n=44, 41.1%) and scald burns (n=34, 31.7%).
Conclusion: The treatment of facial and neck burn focuses on airway assessment, debridement of burn and wound care management. The risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with face and neck burns is likely due to %TBSA rather than the location of burn alone.
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Authors
Dr Novell Shu Chyng Teoh - , Dr Deirdre Seoighe -
